David's History

Chapter 4- Culture and Religion During the 7th century, many rulers had established a religion for their civilization and the people under them strictly followed. This made for certain laws that were to be followed by the people. Most religions at that time were monotheistic meaning that people believed that there was one god that oversaw everything. Christianity became widespread during the 1st century in Palestine, Israel, and eastern Roman Empire. Around the same time, the Indus Valley started to fall because they had no military to defend themselves from invaders. This was a major difference between the advancements of the Indians and the Southeast Asians. Populations started to boom in many areas and patriarchy was present in almost all civilizations at that time. 

During this era, the Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Norte Chico peoples were among the most popular and increasingly modern civilizations during this era. However, not much is revealed about the Egyptians and Mesopotamians as they didn't have many relics and arts to study. However, one group of people known as the Indus Valley people (modern day India) were among the most progressive and innovative peoples at that time. The Indus Valley people were known to have advanced drainage systems at that time and had primitive versions of the toilet. This made for a more clean environment in which less people would get sick because of scattered pieces of feces.  This was even more advanced than many European civilizations in later eras. Because of their skills in math and measurement, building techniques were more sturdy and precise for the Indus Valley people. Bricks were all one size making it easier for the construction of more complex structures. The use of bricks was also effective beca...

The 1st Civilizations- This segment of the Chapter focuses on Human life after the Palaeolithic and Neolithic era. At this point in time, agriculture was the norm for most groups of humans. This was a major step up in the way people would sustain their ways of life because of the creation of Agriculture. This chapter mainly focuses on the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians. Their ways of life and habits evolved over time and made for better ways of writing and communication, Education, cleaner resources, health/medicine, improved architecture and building, and food quality. Religion also became widespread during this era and this made for laws and principles that created a basis of what to do and what not to do. Usually, people would practice the religion that was most popular in their area and they were followed strictly. Pieces of architecture such as the Pyramids in Egypt serve as proof that human building techniques were becoming more and more advanced as time went by. Bec...

The 1st Farmers- In this segment of the chapter, we learn about how human culture advanced into a lifestyle where in people sought to be more self-sufficient and start growing food instead of using the "Gatherer-Hunter" lifestyle that required people to constantly move areas when one area was out of resources.  This period in human history was known as the "Agricultural revolution". During the Agricultural Revolution, people learned of the power of farming and growing their own crops. People learned that they could get crops and plants from other places and other groups of people and that they could bring those crops back to where they lived and grow the crops at home. This caused people to start forming groups and settling in one area where they grew their own food and thrived.  This ability to be able to select what can be grown where and who has access to the crops sparked the globalization of agriculture. The Agricultural Revolution also created the basis ...

                    Out of Africa- This segment of the chapter focuses on the first ever recording of human civilization which was found in Africa. Because of this, all humans can trace their ancestry back to Africa during the Palaeolithic era. The "Human revolution" took place around 200,000 years ago. This was when "Homo Sapiens" were around and they were said to be very innovative, and paved the way for technological advancements in the future. Compared to other species, Homo Sapiens were advanced in the way they would communicate, hunt, cook, and mate. The Ways They Were- This segment of the chapter focuses on how Homo Sapiens were "Gatherer-Hunters". This was a way of life that was based on hunting and using up all the resources in an area in order to survive because agriculture was not invented yet. Despite this setback in hunting, the Homo Sapiens created revolutionary traits and lifestyles which would later on develop int...